article Subject Matter of Experiments and Observations of Water Animals in School
Aquarium XI (Rearing of Caddisflies)
Lubomír Hanel
information
year: 2021
issue: 4
fulltext: PDF
online publishing date: 17/2/2022
DOI: 10.14712/25337556.2021.4.1
ISSN (Online): 2533-7556
Toto dílo podléhá licenci Creative Commons Uveďte původ 4.0 Mezinárodní License.
abstract
Caddisflies (Trichoptera), are a group of insects with aquatic larvae and pupal stages, whereas adults are terrestrial insects. The aquatic larvae are found in a wide variety of habitats such as streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, spring seeps and temporary waters (vernal pools). The larvae of many species use silk to make protective cases, which are often strengthened with gravel, sand, twigs, bitten-off pieces of plants, bark, sticks, seeds, mollusk shells or other debris. The larval case is a tubular structure and is started soon after the egg hatches. The various reinforcements mentioned may be incorporated into its structure, the nature of the materials and design depending on the larva‘s genetic makeup; this means that caddisfly larvae can be recognized by their cases down to the family, and even genus level. As the larva grows, more material is added at the front, and the larva can turn round in the tube and trim the rear end so that it does not drag along the substrate. Caddisfly cases are open at both ends, the larvae drawing oxygenated water through the posterior end, over their gills, and pumping it out of the wider, anterior end. The larvae move around inside the tubes and this helps maintain the water current; the lower the oxygen content of the water, the more active the larvae need to be. The larvae exhibit various feeding strategies, with different species being predators, leaf shredders, algal grazers, or collectors of particles from the water column and benthos. In this contribution, some observations and experiments in school aquaria are presented.
keywords
school aquarium, rearing, caddisflies, Trichoptera, observations
fulltext (PDF )
References
BEČÁKOVÁ M. (2012): Biologie a ekologie chrostíků (Trichoptera) České republiky. Bakalářská práce Přírodovědecké fakulty Masarykovy univerzity v Brně, 81 s.
DUDLEY W., TAVARES A., BRYANT E. (1987): Respiratory device or camouflage? - a case for the caddisfly. Oikos, 50: 42–52. https://doi.org/10.2307/3565400
EHLERS S. M., NAJJAR T. A., TAUPP T., KOOP J. H. E. (2020): PVC and PET microplastics in caddisfly (Lepidostoma basale) cases reduce case stability. Environmental Science Pollution Research International Journal, 27(18): 22380–22389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08790-5
FERRY E. E., HOPKINS G. R., STOKES A. BN, MOHAMMADI S., BRODIE E. D., JR., BRIAN G., GALL B. G. (2013): Journal of Insect Science, 13: 5. Published online 2013 Jan. 24. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.013.0501
GRINAGER J. (2009): Caddisfly larvae visual system: response to light, 1–16. Dostupné na: www.2uwstout.edu/content/rs/2009/Grinager.%20Caddisfly_Larvae.pdf
GAINO E., CIANFICCONI F., REBORA M., TODINI B. (2002): Case-building of some Trichoptera larvae inexperimental conditions: Selectivity for calcareous and siliceous grains, Italian Journal of Zoology, 69:2, 141–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250000209356451
GISPERT DE Q., ALFENAS G., BONADA N. (2018): Grain size selection in case building by the mountain casedcaddisfly species Potamophylax latipennis (Curtis, 1934): a trade-off between building time and energetic costs. Limnetica, 37, 1: 33–45.
HANEL L. (2018): Náměty na pokusy a pozorování vodních živočichů ve školním akváriu II (dýchání vodních živočichů). Biologie, chemie, zeměpis, 2: 11–21. https://doi.org/10.14712/25337556.2018.2.2
HANEL L. (2019): Náměty na pokusy a pozorování vodních živočichů ve školním akváriu IV (Mimetické jevy). Biologie, chemie, zeměpis, 2: 10–18. https://doi.org/10.14712/25337556.2019.2.2
HOUGHTON D. C., ROGERS S. E., HOCQUARD K., WOLFE CH. I. (2011): Case-Building Behavior, Persistence, and Emergence Success of Pycnopsyche Guttifer (Walker) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in Laboratory and in situ Environments: Potential Trade-Offs of Material Preference. The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol. 44 (2): 103–116.
NOVÁK K. (1962): Chrostíci, jejich chov a pozorování. Živa, 3: 104–107.
SEDLÁK E. (1980): Řád Chrostíci – Trichoptera. 163–220. In: Rozkošný R. (ed.): Klíč vodních larev hmyzu. Československá akademie věd, Praha, 524 s.
STUART A. E., CURRIE D. C. (2001): Using caddisfly (Trichoptera) case-building behaviour in higher level phylogeny reconstruction. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79, 10: 1842–1854. https://doi.org/10.1139/z01-145
YANEZ-SCHMIDT C. A., ROY C. (s.a.) Influence of abiotic factors on the size of larval cases of the Order Trichoptera (Calamoceratidae) in Neotropical freshwater ecosystems. Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas INDICASAT AIP, Ciudad del Saber Clayton, Panamá , 33 pp. Dostupné na: https//: www.mcgill.ca/pfss/files/pfss/influence_of_abiotic_factors_on_the_size_of_larval_cases_of_the_order_trichoptera_calamoceratidae_in_neotropical_freshwater_ecosystems.pdf
WIGGINS G. B., MACKAY R. J. (1978): Some relationships between systematics and trophic ecology in Nearctic aquatic insects with special reference to Trichoptera. Ecology, 59:1211–1220. https://doi.org/10.2307/1938234
LELLÁK J., KOŘÍNEK V., FOTT J., KOŘÍNKOVÁ J., PUNČOCHÁŘ P. (1972): Biologie vodních živočichů. Skriptum Přírodovědecké fakulty UK Praha, SPN, Praha, 218 s.