article Photography in science teaching: What is permitted? What is acceptable?
Fatima Cvrčková
information
year: 2019
issue: 4
fulltext: PDF
online publishing date: 31/12/2019
DOI: 10.14712/25337556.2019.4.5
ISSN (Online): 2533-7556
Toto dílo podléhá licenci Creative Commons Uveďte původ 4.0 Mezinárodní License.
abstract
The importance of working with photographic material, whether a teacher’s or a pupil’s own work or downloaded from the Internet, in science teaching is on the rise with the wide availability of digital imaging technology and virtually unlimited Internet resources. This article deals with selected ethical and legal issues in regards to working with photos in the teaching of science subjects, especially biology. Although concerns related to the content of photographs may undoubtedly be valid, they are only briefly mentioned in this paper, which mainly focuses on two areas of interest. First, copyright issues related to the use of materials obtained from the Internet are discussed. Information on licensing in general and on the Creative Commons licensing system is provided, together with a summary of the current legal situation in the Czech Republic. The second focus of the article are questions related to the acceptability of photographic editing, especially alterations that may affect the meaning of the picture. Based on the existing general consensus in science and media practice, recommendations are made for handling documentary and illustrative photos in schools. The principles of the ethical use of photographs could, ultimately, be summarized into three simple rules: do no harm, do not lie, do not deceive.
keywords
photography, author’s rights, copyright, Creative Commons, photo editing, documentation, illustration, photomontage
fulltext (PDF )
References
Associated Press (2019, duben 28) News values and principles. Získáno z https://www.ap.org/about/news-values-and-principles/.
Carroll, M. W. (2013) Creative Commons and the openness of open access. N. Engl. J. Med. 368(9): 789-791. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1300040
Collagrande, E. A., de Assis Martorano, S. A. & Arroio, A. (2015) Reflections about teaching nature of science mediated by images. J. Baltic Science Education 12(1): 7-19.
Česká tisková kancelář (2019, duben 28) Kodex ČTK. Získáno z https://www.ctk.cz/o_ctk/kodex/.
Faladová, A. (2010) Vybrané otázky autorského práva pro potřeby škol. Škola a právo A4.8.
Furedi, F. (2018) Fearing fear itself. Získáno 29. 4. 2019 z http://www.frankfuredi.com/article/fearing_fear_itself.
Guadamuz, A. (2016) The monkey selfie: copyright lessons for originality in photographs and internet jurisdiction. Internet Policy Review 5(1): 1-13.
Jelínková, J. (2013) Výuková sbírka listů (bakalářská práce). Masarykova univerzita, Brno. Dostupné na https://is.muni.cz/th/zpn8b/.
Kessenholz, D. (2014). Photojournalism code of ethics. Získáno z https://the.me/photojournalism-code-of-ethics/.
Khan, M. L. & Idris, I. K. (2019) Recognise misinformation and verify before sharing: a reasoned action and information literacy perspective. Behaviour & Information Technology, in press. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1578828
Lévková, I. (2015) Počítačová grafika na základní škole (diplomová práce). Masarykova Univerzita, Brno. Dostupné na https://is.muni.cz/th/kemx7/.
Martin, C. & Blatt, M. (2013) Manipulation and misconduct in the handling of image data. Plant Cell 25: 3147-3148. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.250980
Nightinghale, S. J., Wade, K. A., & Watson, D. G. (2017) Can people identify original and manipulated photos of real-world scenes?. Cognitive research: principles and implications, 2(1): 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-017-0067-2
Poulíčková, M. (2013) Vyšší rostliny ve výuce přírodopisu na ZŠ (diplomová práce). Univerzita Palackého, Olomouc. Dostupné na https://theses.cz/id/jx6ukf/DP_Vy_rostliny.pdf.
Rádlová, S., Peléšková, Š., Polák, J., Landová, E. & Frynta, D. (2018) Emoce vyvolané zvířaty II: strach a odpor. E-psychologie 12(4): 61-77. https://doi.org/10.29364/epsy.332
Rossner, M. & Yamada, K. M. (2004) What's in a picture? The temptation of image manipulation. J. Cell Biol. 166: 11-15. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200406019
Studený, M. (2015) Etická stránka použití fotografie v české žurnalistice (bakalářská práce). Slezská univerzita, Opava. Dostupné na http://www.itf.cz/dokumenty/martin-studeny-eticka-stranka-pouziti-fotogafie-v-ceske-zurnalistice-2015.pdf.
Tkáčová, M. (2014) Mediální výchova v biologickém vzdělávání žáků středních škol (diplomová práce). Ostravská univerzita, Ostrava. Dostupné na https://theses.cz/id/ngtxs1/.
Triacca, S. (2017) Teaching and learning with pictures: the use of photography in primary schools. Proceedings 1(9): 952. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings1090952
Valoušek, M. (2018) Limity zpravodajské licence při zveřejňování fotografií osob. e-pravo.cz, ID: 107546. Získáno 29. 4. 2019 z https://www.epravo.cz/top/clanky/limity-zpravodajske-licence-pri-zverejnovani-fotografii-osob-107546.html.