STRES V UČITELSKÉ PROFESI – JEHO PŘÍČINY, NÁSLEDKY A MOŽNOSTI ZVLÁDÁNÍ
Náhled PDF
Abstrakt
Učitelství je řazeno mezi profese s nejvyššími hodnotami prožívaného stresu. Cílem předloženého review bylo popsat příčiny a následky tohoto stresu spolu s možnostmi, jak je možné se s ním vyrovnat. První část článku se zaměřuje na důsledky, které s sebou může stres učitelů přinášet. Jedná se o následky pro učitele samotné, dále pro jejich žáky a v neposlední řadě i pro vzdělávací systém jako celek. Druhá část poskytuje přehled faktorů, které mohou českým i zahraničním učitelům způsobovat stres. Mezi nejčastější patří pracovní podmínky, nevhodné chování žáků, nadměrná pracovní zátěž, vztahy na pracovišti a další. V závěrečné části jsou popsány způsoby zvládání stresu, včetně copingu a copingových strategií, vlivu pozitivního smýšlení o stresu a vlivu self-efficacy. V poslední části jsou mimo jiné zmíněna i doporučení sloužící ke snížení stresu učitelů, mezi něž patří například účast učitelů na intervenčních programech či podpora začínajících učitelů. Text tak poskytuje ucelený pohled na problematiku stresu mezi učiteli a možnosti jeho řešení. Učitelé mohou uvedené informace o problematice stresu využít pro svou osobní potřebu nebo jako podklady pro učivo, a to např. v rámci biologie/přírodopisu v návaznosti na problematiku psychohygieny či aspekty stresových reakcí obecně.
Klíčová slova
učitel · stres · stresové faktory · coping · vyrovnávací strategie
Jak citovat
Tichá, L., & Kuba, R. (2025). STRES V UČITELSKÉ PROFESI – JEHO PŘÍČINY, NÁSLEDKY A MOŽNOSTI ZVLÁDÁNÍ. Biologie-Chemie-Zeměpis, 34(4), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.14712/25337556.2025.4.2
Literatura (61)
- Adegboyega, L. O., Okafor, I. P., & Salihu, H. A. (2021). Factors Of Workplace Stress Among Female Secondary School Teachers In Oyo Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS), 6(2), 185–201. https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss2pp185-201
- Ahmad, I., Gul, R., & Kashif, M. (2022). A Qualitative Study of Workplace Factors Causing Stress Among University Teachers and Coping Strategies A Qualitative Study of Workplace Factors. Human Arenas. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42087-022-00302-w
- Aldrup, K., Klusmann, U., Lüdtke, O., Göllner, R., & Trautwein, U. (2018). Student misbehavior and teacher well-being: Testing the mediating role of the teacher-student relationship. Learning and Instruction, 58, 126–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.05.006
- Allegretto, S., & Mishel, L. (2020). Teacher pay penalty dips but persists in 2019. Economic Policy Institute.
- Alvites-Huamaní, C. G. (2019). Estrés docente y factores psicosociales en docentes de Latinoamérica, Norteamérica y Europa. Propósitos y Representaciones, 7(3), 141. https://doi.org/10.20511/pyr2019.v7n3.393
- Antoniou, A. S., Efthymiou, V., Polychroni, F., & Kofa, O. (2020). Occupational stress in mainstream and special needs primary school teachers and its relationship with self-efficacy. Educational Studies, 49(1), 200–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1837080
- Aulén, A. M., Pakarinen, E., Feldt, T., & Lerkkanen, M. K. (2021). Teacher coping profiles in relation to teacher well-being: A mixed method approach. Teaching and Teacher Education, 102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103323
- Bălănescu, R.-C. (2019). Teaching Emotions, Stress, and Burnout among Teachers in Secondary Education. BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 10(2), 119–127. https://doi.org/10.70594/brain/v10.i2/12
- Beuchel, P., Groß Ophoff, J., Cramer, C., & Hautzinger, M. (2022). Promoting occupational health and teaching quality: The impact of a mindfulness intervention in teacher training. Teaching and Teacher Education, 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103703
- Bottiani, J. H., Duran, C. A. K., Pas, E. T., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2019). Teacher stress and burnout in urban middle schools: Associations with job demands, resources, and effective classroom practices. Journal of School Psychology, 77, 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2019.10.002
- Boudová, S., Šťastný, V., Basl, J., Zatloukal, T., Andrys, O., & Pražáková, D. (2020). Mezinárodní šetření TALIS 2018. Národní zpráva. Zkušenosti, názory a postoje učitelů a ředitelů škol.
- Carroll, A., York, A., Fynes-Clinton, S., Sanders-O’Connor, E., Flynn, L., Bower, J. M., Forrest, K., & Ziaei, M. (2021). The Downstream Effects of Teacher Well-Being Programs: Improvements in Teachers’ Stress, Cognition and Well-Being Benefit Their Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.689628
- De Nobile, J. (2016). Organisational communication and its relationships with occupational stress of primary school staff in Western Australia. Australian Educational Researcher, 43(2), 185–201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-015-0197-9
- Domagalska, J., Rusin, M., Razzaghi, M., & Nowak, P. (2021). Personality Type D, Level of Perceived Stress, Insomnia, and Depression Among High School Teachers in Poland. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626945
- Eddy, C. L., Herman, K. C., & Reinke, W. M. (2019). Single-item teacher stress and coping measures: Concurrent and predictive validity and sensitivity to change. Journal of School Psychology, 76, 17–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2019.05.001
- Fontana, D. (1997). Psychologie ve školní praxi: Vol. 3. Portál.
- Ghasemi, F. (2022). (Dys)functional Cognitive-Behavioral Coping Strategies of Teachers to Cope with Stress, Anxiety, and Depression. Deviant Behavior, 43(12), 1558–1571. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2021.2012729
- Ghasemi, F., Herman, K. C., & Reinke, W. M. (2022). Shifts in Stressors, Internalizing Symptoms, and Coping Mechanisms of Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. School Mental Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-022-09549-8
- Han, J., Yin, H., Wang, J., & Bai, Y. (2020). Challenge job demands and job resources to university teacher well-being: the mediation of teacher efficacy. Studies in Higher Education, 45(8), 1771–1785. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1594180
- Herman, K. C., Hickmon-Rosa, J., & Reinke, W. M. (2018). Empirically Derived Profiles of Teacher Stress, Burnout, Self-Efficacy, and Coping and Associated Student Outcomes. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 20(2), 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300717732066
- Herman, K. C., Prewitt, S. L., Eddy, C. L., Savale, A., & Reinke, W. M. (2020). Profiles of middle school teacher stress and coping: Concurrent and prospective correlates. Journal of School Psychology, 78, 54–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2019.11.003
- Herman, K. C., Reinke, W. M., & Eddy, C. L. (2020). Advances in understanding and intervening in teacher stress and coping: The Coping-Competence-Context Theory. In Journal of School Psychology (Vol. 78, pp. 69–74). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2020.01.001
- Iriarte Redín, C., & Erro-Garcés, A. (2020). Stress in teaching professionals across Europe. International Journal of Educational Research, 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101623
- Jõgi, A. L., Pakarinen, E., & Lerkkanen, M. K. (2022). Teachers’ physiological and self-reported stress, teaching practices and students’ learning outcomes in Grade 1. British Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12529
- Johnson, S., Cooper, C., Cartwright, S., Donald, I., Taylor, P., & Millet, C. (2005). The experience of work-related stress across occupations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(2), 178–187. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940510579803
- Junker, R., Donker, M. H., & Mainhard, T. (2021). Potential classroom stressors of teachers: An audiovisual and physiological approach. Learning and Instruction, 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2021.101495
- Kim, J., Shin, Y., Tsukayama, E., & Park, D. (2020). Stress mindset predicts job turnover among preschool teachers. Journal of School Psychology, 78, 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2019.11.002
- Klassen, R. M., & Chiu, M. M. (2010). Effects on teachers’ self-efficacy and job satisfaction: Teacher gender, years of experience, and job stress. Journal of Educational Psychology, 102(3), 741–756. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019237
- Křivohlavý, J. (1994). Jak zvládat stres. Grada Avicenum.
- Kundaragi, P. B., & Kadakol, A. M. (2015). Work Stress Of Employee: A Literature Review. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 1(3). www.ijariie.com
- Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. Springer Publishing Company.
- LeBlanc, V., Woodrow, S. I., Sidhu, R., & Dubrowski, A. (2008). Examination stress leads to improvements on fundamental technical skills for surgery. American Journal of Surgery, 196(1), 114–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.08.059
- Lizana, P. A., & Lera, L. (2022). Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Teachers during the Second COVID-19 Wave. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19105968
- MacIntyre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2020). Language teachers’ coping strategies during the Covid-19 conversion to online teaching: Correlations with stress, wellbeing and negative emotions. System, 94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102352
- MacIntyre, P. D., Ross, J., Talbot, K., Mercer, S., Gregersen, T., & Banga, C. A. (2019). Stressors, personality and wellbeing among language teachers. System, 82, 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.02.013
- Marais-Opperman, V., van Eeden, C., & Rothmann, S. (2021a). Perceived stress, coping and mental health of teachers: A latent profile analysis. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 31(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2021.1875561
- Marais-Opperman, V., van Eeden, C., & Rothmann, S. (2021b). Stress, flourishing and intention to leave of teachers: Does coping type matter? SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 47. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v47i0.1834
- Noori, A. Q. (2023). Job satisfaction variance among public and private school teachers: A case study. Cogent Education, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2023.2189425
- Pavlas Martanová, V. (2020). Supervize jako jeden z efektivních nástrojů péče o učitele. Komenský, 144(4), 19–26.
- Pavlas Martanová, V., & Konůpková, O. (2019). Odlišné světy učitelů a rodičů: interakce s rodiči jako zdroj stresu učitele. Pedagogická orientace, 29(2), 223–242. https://doi.org/10.5817/pedor2019-2-223
- Pereira, S. L. M., Di Donato, G., Pillon, S. C., Vedana, K. G. G., Pereira Júnior, A. do C., & Miasso, A. I. (2022). Predictors of job stress and alcohol consumption amongst university professors. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 40, 137–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2022.07.009
- Petrakova, A. V., Kanonire, T. N., Kulikova, A. A., & Orel, E. A. (2021). Characteristics of Teacher Stress during Distance Learning Imposed by the COVID-19 Pandemic. Voprosy Obrazovaniya / Educational Studies Moscow, 2021(1), 93–114. https://doi.org/10.17323/1814-9545-2021-1-93-114
- Ramberg, J., Brolin Låftman, S., Åkerstedt, T., & Modin, B. (2020). Teacher Stress and Students’ School Well-being: the Case of Upper Secondary Schools in Stockholm. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 64(6), 816–830. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2019.1623308
- Rokyta, R., Bernášková, K., Franěk, M., & Jurčovičová, J. (2015). Fyziologie a patologická fyziologie pro klinickou praxi: Vol. 1. Grada Publishing.
- Ryan, S. V., von der Embse, N. P., Pendergast, L. L., Saeki, E., Segool, N., & Schwing, S. (2017). Leaving the teaching profession: The role of teacher stress and educational accountability policies on turnover intent. Teaching and Teacher Education, 66, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.03.016
- Selye, H. (1973). The Evolution of the Stress Concept: The originator of the concept traces its development from the discovery in 1936 of the alarm reaction to modern therapeutic applications of syntoxic and catatoxic hormones. American Scientist, 61(6), 692–699. https://doi.org/http://www.jstor.org/stable/27844072
- Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2018). Job demands and job resources as predictors of teacher motivation and well-being. Social Psychology of Education, 21(5), 1251–1275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-018-9464-8
- Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2021). Teacher Stress and Coping Strategies—The Struggle to Stay in Control. Creative Education, 12(06), 1273–1295. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2021.126096
- Smetáčková, I., & Francová, V. (2020). Connection between perceived quality of relationships in teaching teams and burnout syndrome among primary school teachers. Studia Paedagogica, 25(1), 9–32. https://doi.org/10.5817/SP2020-1-1
- Smetáčková, I., Viktorová, I., Pavlas Martanová, V., Pachová, A., Francová, V., & Štech, S. (2019). Teachers between job satisfaction and burnout syndrome: What makes difference in Czech elementary schools. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(OCT). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02287
- Smetáčková, I., Viktorová, I., Štech, S., Pavlas Martanová, V., Páchová, A., Francová, V., & Ptáček, R. (2019). Syndrom vyhoření a jeho souvislosti u vyučujících na českých základních školách. Československá psychologie, 63(4), 386–401.
- Smetáčková, I., Vondrová, E., & Topková, P. (2017). Zvládání stresu a syndrom vyhoření u učitelek a učitelů ZŠ. E-Pedagogium, 17(1), 59–75. https://doi.org/10.5507/epd.2017.006
- Stengård, J., Mellner, C., Toivanen, S., & Nyberg, A. (2022). Gender Differences in the Work and Home Spheres for Teachers, and Longitudinal Associations with Depressive Symptoms in a Swedish Cohort. Sex Roles, 86(3–4), 159–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-021-01261-2
- Tomek, R., & Urhahne, D. (2022). Relating teachers’ coping styles to student noise and perceived stress. Educational Psychology, 42(3), 375–395. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2022.2031892
- Tsubono, K., & Ogawa, M. (2022). The analysis of main stressors among high-stress primary school teachers by job positions: A nationwide survey in Japan. Frontiers in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.990141
- Vágnerová, M. (2008). Psychopatologie pro pomáhající profese. Portál.
- Viktorová, I. (2020). Jak učitelé vnímají komunikaci s rodiči: Spokojení vs. vyhořelí. Pedagogika, 70(1). https://doi.org/10.14712/23362189.2019.1343
- Vorlíček, R., Kollerová, L., Janošová, P., & Jungwirthová, R. (2022). Stressors at school from the teachers’ perspective and their associations with individual characteristics and burnout. Československá psychologie, 66(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.51561/cspsych.66.1.1
- WHO. (2019, May 28). Burn-out an “occupational phenomenon”: International Classification of Diseases. https://www.who.int/news/item/28-05-2019-burn-out-an-occupational-phenomenon-international-classification-of-diseases
- Woods, S., Sebastian, J., Herman, K. C., Huang, F. L., Reinke, W. M., & Thompson, A. M. (2023). The relationship between teacher stress and job satisfaction as moderated by coping. Psychology in the Schools. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22857
- Židková, Z., & Martínková, J. (2003). Psychická zátěž učitelů základních škol. České pracovní lékařství, 3, 6–10.
Licence
Toto dílo podléhá licenci Creative Commons Uveďte původ 4.0 Mezinárodní.